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When is a South Indian Really Anemic?

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Summary
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This study found South Indian males have hemoglobin levels similar to American males, but females have significantly lower levels. Current anemia detection criteria may be inappropriate for Indian females.

Keywords:
AnemiaHemoglobinSerum ironSouth Indian

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Anemia diagnosis relies on established hemoglobin (Hb) and iron metabolism reference ranges.
  • Existing criteria, often based on Western populations, may not accurately reflect diverse ethnic groups.
  • Southern Indian populations may have unique physiological parameters influencing these values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normal hemoglobin and cutoff values for healthy Southern Indian adults.
  • To compare these values with American white populations (NHANES III) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.
  • To assess the suitability of current anemia detection standards for Southern Indian females.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples from 177 males and 203 females were analyzed for RBC and iron metabolism parameters.
  • Data were compared against NHANES III (American white population) and WHO anemia guidelines.
  • Lower 5th percentile cutoff points were calculated (Mean - 1.645 SD).

Main Results:

  • Male Southern Indian students showed minimal differences in mean hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to American white males.
  • Iron metabolism parameters were generally lower in Southern Indian males, except for higher Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC).
  • Female Southern Indian students exhibited lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, and iron metabolism values compared to American white females, with higher TIBC.

Conclusions:

  • Southern Indian adult males have comparable Hb levels to American males.
  • Southern Indian females present considerably lower Hb levels than American females.
  • The appropriateness of WHO or US criteria for anemia detection in Indian females requires re-evaluation.