Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

4
Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
4
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

4
The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
4
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

13
Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
13
Composite Bodies00:55

Composite Bodies

1.6K
A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
Composite bodies have widespread applications in mechanical engineering, from automobiles to aircraft to rockets. For example, an automobile wheel comprises...
1.6K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.3K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of Zinc and Magnesium Compounds and Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activity of Alginate and Gelatin Scaffolds for Osteochondral Defects.

Journal of functional biomaterials·2025
Same author

The Effect of Aging Process Conditions on the Thermal Properties of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)-Based Silicone Rubber.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Microstructural, Fluid Dynamic, and Mechanical Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Magnesium Chloride-Modified Hydrogel Scaffolds.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2024
Same author

New molecular targets in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells.

Frontiers in immunology·2023
Same author

Preliminary Results on Heparin-Modified Double-Layered PCL and PLA-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering of Small Blood Vessels.

Journal of functional biomaterials·2022
Same author

Recent Developments in Polyurethane-Based Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Polymers·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

766

Gradient composite materials for artificial intervertebral discs.

Katarzyna Migacz1, Jan Chłopek1, Anna Morawska-Chochół1

  • 1AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials, Kraków, Poland.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
|October 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Gradient composites mimic natural tissues by improving stress distribution between implants and bone. Carbon fibre-polysulfone composites show promise for intervertebral disc replacement, with volume fraction changes proving more effective than orientation changes.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering
12:22

Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering

Published on: October 26, 2016

11.3K
An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc
08:03

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc

Published on: April 11, 2017

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

766
Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering
12:22

Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering

Published on: October 26, 2016

11.3K
An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc
08:03

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc

Published on: April 11, 2017

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Composite Materials Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Gradient materials with varying Young's modulus offer improved stress distribution for implant integration.
  • Natural intervertebral discs exhibit complex mechanical properties crucial for spinal function.
  • Biomimetic approaches are essential for developing effective bone and spinal implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical properties of gradient carbon fibre-polysulfone composites.
  • To compare these gradient composites with natural intervertebral disc properties.
  • To evaluate the suitability of these materials for intervertebral disc replacement.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of gradient composites using carbon fibres within a polysulfone matrix.
  • Manipulation of gradient properties through varying fibre orientation and volume fraction.
  • In vitro static load testing to assess material durability.
  • Analysis of stress distribution under load, comparing gradient and non-gradient materials to natural tissues.

Main Results:

  • Gradient composites demonstrated good durability under long-term static loading.
  • Composites with a gradient in fibre volume fraction showed more advantageous properties than those with varying fibre orientation.
  • Gradient materials effectively distributed stress, avoiding the stress concentration seen in non-gradient materials.
  • Pure polysulfone and non-gradient composites led to detrimental stress concentration in the nucleus pulposus region.

Conclusions:

  • Gradient carbon fibre-polysulfone composites exhibit biomimetic characteristics suitable for intervertebral disc replacement.
  • The configuration based on fibre volume fraction gradients is superior for mimicking natural stress distribution.
  • These advanced composites show potential for reducing implant-related stress complications in spinal applications.