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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
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Mucosal vaccination against tuberculosis using Ag85A-loaded immunostimulating complexes.

Swati Pabreja1, Tarun Garg1, Goutam Rath1

  • 1a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
|October 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a new tuberculosis vaccine using antigen 85 complex-loaded nanocarriers. The novel vaccine shows improved immune responses in mice, offering potential for broader protection against tuberculosis.

Keywords:
Quil Aimmune responseimmunostimulating complexmucosal vaccinereverse phase evaporation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis, with rising drug-resistant strains.
  • The current Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has limited efficacy in adults and the elderly.
  • There is a critical need for a safe and effective TB vaccine for all age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel pulmonary tuberculosis vaccine with improved safety and efficacy.
  • To create a vaccine platform utilizing antigen 85 complex (Ag85)-loaded nanocarriers.
  • To evaluate the immunological potential of this new vaccine in a preclinical model.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) nanocarrier loaded with Antigen 85 complex (Ag85).
  • Pulmonary immunization of mice with the developed ISCOM vaccine formulation.
  • Assessment of humoral and cellular immune responses post-immunization.

Main Results:

  • Immunological analysis revealed significant enhancements in both humoral and cellular immune responses.
  • The Ag85-loaded ISCOM vaccine demonstrated promising immunogenicity in the preclinical model.
  • No adverse effects were mentioned, suggesting a potentially favorable safety profile.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ag85-loaded ISCOM nanocarrier vaccine shows potential as a next-generation tuberculosis vaccine.
  • Pulmonary immunization with this novel vaccine formulation elicits robust immune responses in mice.
  • Further research is warranted to assess its efficacy and safety in broader populations.