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Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
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Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome

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Mitophagy and mitochondrial balance.

Simone Patergnani1, Paolo Pinton

  • 1Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, removes damaged mitochondria. Measuring mitophagy levels is crucial for understanding its role in health and diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Sensitive Measurement of Mitophagy by Flow Cytometry Using the pH-dependent Fluorescent Reporter mt-Keima
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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria are dynamic organelles crucial for cellular homeostasis.
  • Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, is linked to various diseases.
  • Mitophagy, a selective autophagy, removes damaged mitochondria, impacting cellular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for measuring mitophagy levels.
  • To highlight the importance of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis and disease.
  • To emphasize techniques utilizing fluorescent probes.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of existing mitophagy measurement techniques.
  • Focus on fluorescent probe-based assays.
  • Discussion of methodologies for assessing mitochondrial turnover.

Main Results:

  • Mitophagy is a key regulator of mitochondrial lifespan.
  • Aberrant mitophagy is implicated in human pathologies.
  • Accurate measurement is essential for disease research.

Conclusions:

  • Measuring mitophagy is vital for understanding its role in health and disease.
  • Fluorescent probes offer promising tools for mitophagy assessment.
  • Further research into mitophagy mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies.