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Area of Science:

  • Educational Research
  • Statistical Methods
  • Meta-Analysis

Background:

  • Dependent effect sizes inflate variance and bias meta-analyses.
  • Previous research highlights issues with treating dependent effect sizes as independent.
  • Various methodological approaches exist for handling dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and compare different methods for handling dependent effect sizes in meta-analysis.
  • To assess the feasibility of these methods in education research.
  • To illustrate the impact of different dependence handling approaches using a case study.

Main Methods:

  • Review of methodological approaches for dependent effect sizes.
  • Case study applying different methods to a reading intervention meta-analysis.
  • Comparison of results including mean effect size, variance, and heterogeneity estimates.

Main Results:

  • Mean effect sizes and variance estimates were generally similar across methods.
  • Estimates of heterogeneity indexes varied significantly depending on the approach used.
  • The choice of method impacts the assessment of variability within the meta-analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The method chosen to handle dependent effect sizes can influence heterogeneity estimates.
  • Researchers should explore the impact of dependence handling on heterogeneity before moderator analyses.
  • Selecting an appropriate method based on the research question and data is essential for accurate meta-analysis.