Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

40.7K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
40.7K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

1.2K
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
1.2K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.0K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.0K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

47.7K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
47.7K
Design Example01:23

Design Example

688
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
688

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The longer, the better? Investigating the effect of prolonged acoustic stimulation on brief acoustic tinnitus suppression.

BMC neurology·2026
Same author

Trajectory of COVID-related tinnitus over the pandemic timeline.

Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology·2026
Same author

Antagonizing NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway with spironolactone for the treatment of schizophrenia: results of a randomized controlled drug repositioning clinical trial.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Genetic, neurobiological, and clinical differentiation.

iScience·2026
Same author

Sound hypersensitivity phenotypes and sound hypersensitivity disorder.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

E-field guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates oscillatory brain activity dynamics in tinnitus.

Brain research bulletin·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

13.7K

Abnormal cross-frequency coupling in the tinnitus network.

Ilya Adamchic1, Berthold Langguth2, Christian Hauptmann1

  • 1Jülich Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-7, Neuromodulation Jülich, Germany.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|October 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus patients exhibit altered brain wave interactions, specifically increased cross-frequency coupling (CFC) within auditory and prefrontal networks. This brain communication pattern normalizes partially after therapy, suggesting CFC

Keywords:
alpha rhythmcoordinated reset neuromodulationcross frequency couplingdelta band activitygamma band activityoscillationstinnitus pitch

More Related Videos

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

10.5K
A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

13.7K
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

10.5K
A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuroimaging studies link brain networks and oscillations to tinnitus perception.
  • Understanding how these brain regions and oscillations relate to tinnitus characteristics, like pitch and loudness, remains incomplete.
  • Tinnitus pitch changes may modulate neuronal activity within the tinnitus network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interactions between brain oscillations in various frequency bands within the tinnitus network.
  • To determine how tinnitus loudness, annoyance, and pitch affect cross-frequency interactions within and between network nodes.
  • To provide evidence for changes in cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in tinnitus patients.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of an existing neuroimaging dataset.
  • Examination of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) within and between auditory cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate regions.
  • Assessment of phase-amplitude CFC between delta-theta and gamma oscillations.
  • Correlation analysis of CFC with tinnitus severity, loudness, annoyance, and pitch.

Main Results:

  • Tinnitus patients show increased phase-amplitude CFC between delta-theta phase and gamma amplitude in auditory and dorsolateral prefrontal regions (MI 0.17 vs. 0.08 in controls).
  • Theta phase in the anterior cingulate modulated gamma amplitude in auditory (MI 0.1) and dorsolateral prefrontal regions (MI 0.19).
  • Acoustic coordinated reset therapy partially normalized abnormal CFC, and treatment-induced pitch changes modulated CFC.

Conclusions:

  • Tinnitus perception is associated with more pronounced CFC within and between key nodes of the tinnitus network.
  • Altered CFC may represent a mechanism for coordinating tinnitus-relevant activity and communication within the brain network.
  • CFC changes offer potential insights into tinnitus pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.