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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

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Resting state functional connectivity predicts neurofeedback response.

Dustin Scheinost1, Teodora Stoica1, Suzanne Wasylink2

  • 1Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|October 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resting-state fMRI can predict treatment success for contamination anxiety using real-time fMRI neurofeedback. Baseline brain connectivity patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior prefrontal cortex (BA 10) identify individuals likely to benefit from this personalized medicine approach.

Keywords:
neurofeedbackobsessive-compulsive disorderorbitofrontal cortexreal-time fMRIresting state connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Personalized medicine requires reliable predictors of treatment response, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback shows promise in reducing contamination anxiety, a key symptom in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Individual responses to rt-fMRI neurofeedback for anxiety are variable, necessitating methods to predict treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether baseline brain functional connectivity, measured by resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), can predict symptom improvement after rt-fMRI neurofeedback for contamination anxiety.
  • To identify specific brain connectivity patterns associated with successful neurofeedback treatment in individuals with contamination anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Baseline rs-fMRI data were collected from participants several days prior to neurofeedback training.
  • A rt-fMRI neurofeedback protocol targeted the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10), regions implicated in contamination anxiety.
  • Whole-brain functional connectivity was analyzed from rs-fMRI data to correlate with behavioral improvements.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral improvements in contamination anxiety following neurofeedback were strongly correlated with baseline whole-brain connectivity patterns in the OFC/BA 10.
  • This correlation was observed in both subclinically anxious subjects and individuals with contamination-related OCD.
  • The findings suggest that baseline rs-fMRI connectivity can serve as a predictor of response to rt-fMRI neurofeedback.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline rs-fMRI-derived brain functional connectivity is a promising predictor of treatment response to rt-fMRI neurofeedback for contamination anxiety.
  • This approach supports the development of personalized medicine strategies for OCD and related anxiety disorders.
  • Identifying individuals likely to benefit from neurofeedback can optimize treatment allocation and improve clinical outcomes.