Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 22, 2026
07:15
Purification of High Yield Extracellular Vesicle Preparations Away from Virus
Published on: September 12, 2019
11.4K
Poliovirus-induced changes in cellular membranes throughout infection
1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
Current Opinion in Virology
|October 14, 2014
Summary
Poliovirus infection dramatically reshapes cellular membranes, creating structures essential for viral RNA replication and particle release. These membrane changes involve host factors and may even involve cell-derived membranes for poliovirus (PV) exit.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Viral infection significantly alters cellular membrane structures.
- Poliovirus (PV), a positive-strand RNA virus, induces distinct membrane rearrangements during its replication cycle.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of membrane alterations in PV-infected cells.
- To discuss host and viral factors mediating these membrane changes.
- To explore how membrane modifications facilitate virus replication and egress.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on poliovirus-induced membrane changes.
- Analysis of host factors (e.g., COPI/COPII, lipid kinases, autophagy) involved in membrane rearrangement.
- Discussion of viral factors influencing membrane dynamics.
Main Results:
- Poliovirus infection induces early vesicles and tubular structures, followed by late double-membraned vesicles.
- Host factors from secretory pathways and autophagy are crucial for membrane rearrangement.
- Cellular membranes serve as scaffolds for RNA replication and aid in virus exit.
Conclusions:
- Membrane remodeling is a critical aspect of poliovirus replication, providing platforms for viral machinery.
- Host cell pathways are co-opted by poliovirus to manipulate membrane structures.
- Emerging evidence suggests cell-derived membranes might play a role in poliovirus extracellular delivery.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
11
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
11
01:10Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria
3.0K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.0K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.3K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.3K
01:18Viral Meningitis
178
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
178
00:56Viral Structure
58.4K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
58.4K
01:26Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
3
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
3