[Severe imported malaria: case report].

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Tropical Medicine
• Critical Care Medicine

Context:

• Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with severe forms often caused by Plasmodium falciparum.
• Imported malaria cases present unique diagnostic and management challenges in non-endemic regions.
• This case highlights the potential for severe complications and the need for specialized care.

Purpose:

• To report a case of severe imported malaria in a traveler returning from Nigeria.
• To illustrate the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and complications of severe falciparum malaria.
• To emphasize the importance of rapid diagnosis and intensive care in managing critical malaria.

Summary:

• A 30-year-old sailor returning from Nigeria presented with symptoms of severe malaria, including jaundice, fever, and altered consciousness.
• Laboratory findings revealed hyperbilirubinemia, metabolic acidosis, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury.
• Despite prompt anti-malarial treatment, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Impact:

• The case underscores the critical criteria for defining severe malaria, including acute renal failure, ARDS, and hyperbilirubinemia.
• Effective management hinges on early diagnosis and immediate access to intensive care to reduce morbidity and mortality.
• This report emphasizes the need for heightened awareness and preparedness for severe imported malaria in healthcare settings.