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Updated: Apr 22, 2026
Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model
Published on: December 1, 2012
ESPEN endorsed recommendations. Definition and classification of intestinal failure in adults
Loris Pironi1, Jann Arends2, Janet Baxter3
1Center for Chronic Intestinal Failure, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Background & Aims:
Intestinal failure (IF) is not included in the list of PubMed Mesh terms, as failure is the term describing a state of non functioning of other organs, and as such is not well recognized. No scientific society has yet devised a formal definition and classification of IF. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guideline committee endorsed its "home artificial nutrition and chronic IF" and "acute IF" special interest groups to write recommendations on these issues.
Methods:
After a Medline Search, in December 2013, for "intestinal failure" and "review"[Publication Type], the project was developed using the Delphi round methodology. The final consensus was reached on March 2014, after 5 Delphi rounds and two live meetings.
Results:
The recommendations comprise the definition of IF, a functional and a pathophysiological classification for both acute and chronic IF and a clinical classification of chronic IF. IF was defined as "the reduction of gut function below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes, such that intravenous supplementation is required to maintain health and/or growth".
Conclusions:
This formal definition and classification of IF, will facilitate communication and cooperation among professionals in clinical practice, organization and management, and research.
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