Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cholinergic system changes in levodopa-unresponsive freezing of gait and failure of goal-directed motor behavior in Parkinson's disease.

Neural regeneration research·2026

Same author

The Dark Matter of Levodopa Pharmacodynamics.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

Same author

White matter lesions disrupt cholinergic pathways important for cognition in Parkinson's disease.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026

Same author

Baseline Regional Cholinergic Denervation Predicts Cognitive Trajectories in Moderate Parkinson Disease.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026

Same author

Cholinergic substrates of gait and postural impairments in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Research square·2026

Same author

Exposure to lead and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and all-cause dementia in the United States.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026

Same journal

Factors Associated With Disability Improvement and Worsening Independent of Attacks in Patients With AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD and MOGAD: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Neurology·2026

Same journal

Cost-Effectiveness of Intracranial Aneurysm Screening: A Systematic Review.

Neurology·2026

Same journal

Rare Eating Epilepsy: Co-Occurrence of Focal Cortical Dysplasia and Gray Matter Heterotopia.

Neurology·2026

Same journal

Spatiotemporal Associations Between Cortical Microinfarcts and Cortical Superficial Siderosis in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Neurology·2026

Same journal

Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Before Interhospital Transfer for Thrombectomy and Clinical Outcome.

Neurology·2026

Same journal

At Death's Door: Cytosolic Dopamine in Patients With Parkinson Disease.

Neurology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Multipronged Phenotyping Approaches to Characterize Sugarcane Root Systems

Multipronged Phenotyping Approaches to Characterize Sugarcane Root Systems

Published on: August 17, 2022

Nourish the roots while picking the fruit

Roger L Albin¹

¹From the Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS; the Department of Neurology, University of Michigan; and the Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor. ralbin@umich.edu.

|October 15, 2014

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits

Published on: February 10, 2023

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores

Published on: March 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Multipronged Phenotyping Approaches to Characterize Sugarcane Root Systems

Multipronged Phenotyping Approaches to Characterize Sugarcane Root Systems

Published on: August 17, 2022

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits

A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits

Published on: February 10, 2023

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores

Published on: March 26, 2019