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Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of work.

A E Allahverdyan1

  • 1Yerevan Physics Institute, Alikhanian Brothers street 2, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new definition for fluctuating work in quantum thermodynamics, ensuring physical meaningfulness for systems starting from nonequilibrium states. This advances understanding of work and fluctuation theorems in quantum systems.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Quantum information theory

Background:

  • Work is a fundamental concept in statistical thermodynamics.
  • Understanding quantum features of work requires representing it as an average of a fluctuating quantity.
  • Existing definitions of fluctuating work face challenges with nonequilibrium initial states due to noncommutativity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate physically meaningful conditions for fluctuating work in quantum systems.
  • To propose a new definition of fluctuating work applicable to nonequilibrium initial states.
  • To generalize the work-fluctuation theorem for arbitrary initial states.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on work done in a thermally isolated quantum system driven by a time-dependent Hamiltonian.

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  • Formulation of natural conditions for physically meaningful fluctuating work.
  • Development of a new definition addressing drawbacks of existing methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified issues in existing work definitions stemming from noncommutativity.
    • Proposed a novel definition of fluctuating work valid for diverse nonequilibrium initial states.
    • Derived a generalized work-fluctuation theorem applicable to out-of-equilibrium systems.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed definition overcomes limitations of previous approaches.
    • The generalized fluctuation theorem extends applicability to a broader range of quantum systems.
    • This work enhances the theoretical framework for understanding work in nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics.