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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

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Jugular Venous Flow Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Compared to Normal Controls.

Sean K Sethi¹, David T Utriainen¹, Ana M Daugherty²

¹MRI Institute of Biomedical Research, Detroit, Michigan.

Journal of Neuroimaging : Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging

|October 16, 2014

Summary

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit reduced internal jugular vein (IJV) blood flow compared to healthy controls. Abnormal venous flow was identified in a distinct subgroup of MS patients with stenosis.

Keywords:

Venous flow flow quantification phase-contrast MRI stenosis vessel cross-sectional areas

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Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Vascular Biology
Neurology

Background:

Investigating extracranial venous abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Assessing potential links between venous structure, flow, and MS.
Understanding the role of venous hemodynamics in MS pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if extracranial venous structural and flow abnormalities exist in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
To compare venous anatomy and flow in MS patients versus healthy controls (HC).
To investigate differences in venous flow based on the presence of stenosis in MS patients.

Main Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to assess neck vein anatomy and function in 138 MS patients and 67 HC.
Time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA) for stenosis assessment; 2D phase-contrast flow quantification for flow measurement.
Venous flow normalized to total arterial flow; MS patients categorized into stenotic (ST) and nonstenotic (NST) groups.

Main Results:

MS patients showed significantly lower normalized internal jugular vein (IJV) blood flow than HC (P < .001).
52% of MS patients were classified as ST, compared to 23% of HC.
ST-MS patients exhibited lower IJV flow than both HC and NST-MS groups.

Conclusions:

Abnormal IJV flow was evident in a distinct group of MS patients, particularly those with stenosis.
Differences in IJV flow became clear when categorizing MS patients by anatomical stenosis.
Venous flow abnormalities are noted in a subset of MS patients, irrespective of MS etiology.