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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Too much success for recent groundbreaking epigenetic experiments.

Gregory Francis1

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Genetics
|October 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical evidence suggests learned behaviors can be epigenetically transferred across generations. Uniformly successful experiments challenge the null hypothesis, indicating a potential breakthrough in understanding inheritance beyond genetics.

Keywords:
behaviorepigeneticsmethodspowerstatistics

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Behavioral Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic inheritance offers a mechanism for transmitting traits beyond DNA sequence.
  • Learned behaviors are typically not considered heritable traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present statistical evidence supporting the epigenetic transfer of learned behaviors.
  • To evaluate the significance of experimental outcomes in the context of the null hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical analysis of experimental results.
  • Evaluation of experimental success rates under the null hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Reported experiments demonstrated uniform success in demonstrating epigenetic transfer of learned behavior.
  • The probability of such uniform success occurring by chance (null hypothesis) is calculated as 0.004.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide statistical evidence for the epigenetic inheritance of learned behaviors.
  • The low probability of the observed outcome under the null hypothesis suggests a real biological effect.