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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
Published on: April 20, 2011
Outbreak of type 1 wild poliovirus infection in adults, Namibia, 2006
Nasir Yusuf1, Rosalina de Wee2, Norbert Foster2
1World Health Organization (WHO) Intercountry Program Office, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Abstract:
A paralytic poliomyelitis outbreak occurred in Namibia in 2006, almost exclusively among adults. Nineteen cases were virologically confirmed as due to wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), and 26 were classified as polio compatible. Eleven deaths occurred among confirmed and compatible cases (24%). Of the confirmed cases, 97% were aged 15-45 years, 89% were male, and 71% lived in settlement areas in Windhoek. The virus was genetically related to a virus detected in 2005 in Angola, which had been imported earlier from India. The outbreak is likely due to immunity gaps among adults who were inadequately vaccinated during childhood. This outbreak underscores the ongoing risks posed by poliovirus importations, the importance of maintaining strong acute flaccid paralysis surveillance even in adults, and the need to maintain high population immunity to avoid polio outbreaks in the preeradication period and outbreaks due to vaccine-derived polioviruses in the posteradication era.
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