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Sympathetic nervous system activity and the heart.

J N Cohn1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.

American Journal of Hypertension
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) drives cardiovascular responses to stress, but its overactivation may harm patients with cardiovascular disease. Understanding SNS effects is crucial for managing heart conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is recognized for mediating cardiovascular adjustments during acute stress.
  • Physiologic responses include increased heart rate, contractility, and altered vascular tone.
  • These SNS actions are implicated in adverse long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological responses to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
  • To explore the role of the SNS in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
  • To highlight the potential adverse effects of SNS overactivation in patients with existing cardiovascular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sympathetic nervous system physiology.
  • Analysis of cardiovascular responses to SNS activation.
  • Consideration of new techniques for assessing sympathetic activity and plasma catecholamines.

Main Results:

  • SNS activation augments cardiac function and alters peripheral vascular tone.
  • Potential adverse effects include myocardial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, arrhythmias, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
  • The precise mechanisms linking SNS activity to cardiovascular disease pathophysiology require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Sympathetic nervous system stimulation plays a complex role in cardiovascular health and disease.
  • Understanding these physiological responses is key to managing cardiovascular disease.
  • Further research using advanced techniques is needed to fully elucidate the SNS's impact on cardiovascular pathophysiology.

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