Brain metastases in breast cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Neurology
• Radiology

Background:

• Brain metastases are less common but have a poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients compared to other metastatic sites.
• Neurologic impairments significantly reduce quality of life.
• An increasing incidence of brain metastases is observed, linked to advanced imaging and increased awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of breast cancer brain metastases.
• To outline current and future management strategies.
• To present a practical treatment algorithm.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis.
• Analysis of treatment modalities including radiation therapy, surgery, and systemic therapies.
• Evaluation of novel molecular targeted therapies.

Main Results:

• Molecular subtype influences survival outcomes.
• Systemic therapies with poor blood-brain barrier penetration may increase risk.
• HER2-targeted therapy shows promise against brain metastases.

Conclusions:

• Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach.
• Radiation therapy and surgery are key for local control.
• Emerging targeted therapies offer new treatment avenues for brain metastases.