Interference enhancement in spectral domain interferometric measurements on transparent plate

In spectral domain interferometry, the interference signal generated by directly reflected waves from the two surfaces of a sample plate under test is greatly enhanced by the blockage of those light waves reflected by the two arm mirrors in the Michelson interferometer. This sample surface-reflected interference signal, being the optical path length of the plate, is therefore identifiable directly from the Fourier-transformed interference spectrum. Consequently, the group refractive index and physical thickness of the plate can be obtained simultaneously without any prior information of them. Moreover, subsequent in situ angular scanning on the interference spectra helps to retrieve the wavelength-dependent phase refractive index and first-order dispersion. The order of magnitude of the relative error for the group refractive index is 10(-4), while that for the phase refractive index and the physical thickness is 10(-3).