Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 22, 2026
08:27
Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
Published on: March 3, 2023
1.6K
Symptomatology associated with accommodative and binocular vision anomalies
Ángel García-Muñoz1, Stela Carbonell-Bonete1, Pilar Cacho-Martínez1
1Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Spain.
Journal of Optometry
|October 18, 2014
Summary
Symptoms of visual dysfunctions vary widely, with headache and blurred vision being most common. Validated questionnaires are limited, primarily for convergence insufficiency.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
- Vision Science
Background:
- Accommodative and non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions present diverse symptoms.
- Understanding these symptoms and their assessment methods is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify symptoms associated with accommodative and non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions.
- To evaluate methods used for symptom assessment in these visual anomalies.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review of literature from 1988-2012 was conducted.
- Searches included Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and FRANCIS databases.
- 56 articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed.
Main Results:
- 267 symptom names were grouped into 34 categories.
- Headache, blurred vision, diplopia, and visual fatigue were most frequent, especially in near vision tasks.
- Only 3 of 11 identified questionnaires were validated: CISS V-15, CIRS parent version, and Conlon survey.
Conclusions:
- Significant disparity exists in reported symptoms for accommodative and binocular dysfunctions.
- Validated questionnaires are scarce and mainly target convergence insufficiency or general visual issues.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
8.2K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.2K
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
2.6K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.6K
01:16Focusing of Light in the Eye
5.9K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
5.9K
01:15Equilibrium and Balance
6.0K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
6.0K
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
1.6K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.6K
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
4.2K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.2K