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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

861
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

4.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Translational geroscience: emphasizing function to achieve optimal longevity.

Douglas R Seals1, Simon Melov2

  • 1Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Aging
|October 18, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological aging causes dysfunction and disease, increasing healthcare burdens. Translational geroscience aims to extend healthspan, enabling longer, healthier lives for active aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Research
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Biological aging results in cellular dysfunction, increasing chronic disease risk and healthcare costs.
  • The aging population, including baby boomers, desires to maintain physical and cognitive fitness.
  • There is a growing demand for extended healthspan, or "optimal longevity"—living longer and healthier lives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce translational geroscience as a collaborative approach to address aging.
  • To optimize and preserve physiological function across the lifespan.
  • To increase healthspan and compress morbidity into a shorter period.

Main Methods:

  • Integrating research from model organisms to human epidemiology.
  • Fostering collaboration between researchers and administrators across the translational continuum.
  • Rethinking the organization, funding, and training for biological-biomedical aging research.

Main Results:

  • Translational geroscience offers a platform for optimizing healthspan.
  • Improved collaboration and research organization are crucial for advancing aging research.
  • Training future scientists in this interdisciplinary field is essential.

Conclusions:

  • Translational geroscience is key to achieving optimal longevity.
  • Effective collaboration and strategic organization are necessary to meet the demands of an aging population.
  • This approach aims to enhance quality of life in later years by preserving function.