Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

935
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
935
Emotional Expression01:26

Emotional Expression

1.3K
Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
1.3K
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

5.5K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
5.5K
Labeling Emotion01:20

Labeling Emotion

994
Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...
994
Therapeutic Communication01:30

Therapeutic Communication

8.7K
Communication is a lifelong learning process. Through therapeutic communication, nurses can collect relevant assessment data, provide education and counseling, and interact during nursing interventions. Sending and receiving messages occur through verbal and nonverbal communication techniques and can happen separately or simultaneously.
Verbal communication depends on language or a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively. The critical aspects of verbal...
8.7K
Physiology of Emotion01:20

Physiology of Emotion

4.4K
The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

One Size Doesn't Fit All: An Exploratory Typological Approach to Understanding Criminal Career Heterogeneity in Intimate Partner Homicide.

Criminal justice and behavior·2025
Same author

The Neuroanatomical Bases of Pedophilia and the Importance of Distinguishing Genuine vs. Acquired Types: A Systematic Review.

Sexual offending (Trier, Germany)·2025
Same author

Editorial: New directions in forensic psychology: applying neuropsychology, biomarkers and technology in assessment & intervention.

Frontiers in psychology·2024
Same author

Self-report psychopathy-III facet scores predict sexual crimes, sexual preferences, and sexual deviance index validity more precisely than total scores.

Frontiers in psychology·2024
Same author

Violent Partners or a Specific Class of Offenders? A Criminal Career Approach to Understanding Men Involved in Intimate Partner Sexual Violence.

Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment·2023
Same author

Psychiatric disorders and management of sexual offenders in the prison psychiatric consultation unit of Marseille.

Journal of forensic sciences·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.6K

Virtual faces expressing emotions: an initial concomitant and construct validity study.

Christian C Joyal1, Laurence Jacob2, Marie-Hélène Cigna3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières , Trois-Rivières, QC , Canada ; Research Center, Philippe-Pinel Institute of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|October 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Newly developed virtual faces accurately express emotions, showing similar recognition and physiological responses compared to real faces. This validates their use in social cognition research and human-computer interaction studies.

Keywords:
emotionsexpressionsfacialvalidationvirtual

More Related Videos

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.7K
Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury
05:51

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 15, 2016

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.6K
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.7K
Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury
05:51

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 15, 2016

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Computer Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Facial expressions are key in social cognition research.
  • Virtual dynamic facial expressions offer new research avenues.
  • Virtual faces enable real-time human-computer interaction with physiological feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a new set of virtual faces depicting six fundamental emotions.
  • To compare recognition rates, facial muscle activity, and gaze patterns between real and virtual emotional expressions.

Main Methods:

  • 41 adult volunteers (20 male, 21 female) participated.
  • Participants viewed video clips of real and virtual adults expressing emotions.
  • Measures included emotion recognition, facial electromyography (EMG), and eye-tracking.

Main Results:

  • Virtual and real faces were recognized similarly across genders.
  • Both stimulus types elicited comparable facial muscle activation (zygomatic major, corrugator supercilii).
  • Ocular fixation times in eye regions were similar for real and virtual stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • The virtual faces demonstrate construct validity for emotion expression.
  • These virtual faces are suitable for further studies in clinical populations with social cognition deficits.
  • Potential applications include Brain-Computer Interface studies utilizing facial emotion feedback.