Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

7.5K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.5K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

2.5K
2.5K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

42.1K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
42.1K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

45.8K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
45.8K
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

83
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
83
Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

3.7K
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polyploidy and stress.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Plant Species Extinction and Opportunities for De-extinction.

The Journal of heredity·2026
Same author

A haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale genome assembly and annotation for Carya glabra (pignut hickory; Juglandaceae).

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same author

PLANeT: Understanding and leveraging the genome of land plants for a sustainable future.

Cell·2026
Same author

An Evolving View of Character Macroevolution.

Systematic biology·2026
Same author

The potential of wheat spatial omics.

Nature genetics·2026
Same journal

NanoporeDB: A Structural Resource Of Multimeric Protein Nanopores For Single-Molecule Sensing.

GigaScience·2026
Same journal

From the Brain Cell Atlas to Precision Neurology: A review of the application of AI-driven multi-omics in brain science.

GigaScience·2026
Same journal

Comparison of Deep Learning Approaches for Extreme Low-SNR Image Restoration.

GigaScience·2026
Same journal

ScopeViewer: A Browser-Based Solution for Visualizing Large Biological Images.

GigaScience·2026
Same journal

ChatMDV: Reducing Technical Barriers in Bioinformatics Analysis using Large Language Models.

GigaScience·2026
Same journal

ClusterGraph: a new tool for visualisation and compression of multidimensional data.

GigaScience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Propagation of Closed Circular Extrachromosomal rDNA Containing Element (CERE) in Naegleria gruberi
06:55

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Propagation of Closed Circular Extrachromosomal rDNA Containing Element (CERE) in Naegleria gruberi

Published on: June 21, 2024

1.0K

Between two fern genomes.

Emily B Sessa1, Jo Ann Banks2, Michael S Barker3

  • 1Department of Biology, Box 118525, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA ; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Box 103610, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Gigascience
|October 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sequencing fern nuclear genomes is crucial for understanding plant evolution. Azolla and Ceratopteris are proposed as key species to unlock insights into land plant genome diversity and history.

Keywords:
AzollaCeratopterisComparative analysesFernsGenomicsLand plantsMonilophytes

More Related Videos

Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans
10:01

Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: August 4, 2016

9.7K
Generation of Fluorescent Protein Fusions in Candida Species
09:27

Generation of Fluorescent Protein Fusions in Candida Species

Published on: March 4, 2017

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Propagation of Closed Circular Extrachromosomal rDNA Containing Element (CERE) in Naegleria gruberi
06:55

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Propagation of Closed Circular Extrachromosomal rDNA Containing Element (CERE) in Naegleria gruberi

Published on: June 21, 2024

1.0K
Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans
10:01

Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: August 4, 2016

9.7K
Generation of Fluorescent Protein Fusions in Candida Species
09:27

Generation of Fluorescent Protein Fusions in Candida Species

Published on: March 4, 2017

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Ferns represent a major vascular plant lineage lacking sequenced nuclear genomes.
  • This gap hinders comprehensive understanding of genome evolution across all land plants.
  • Fern genomes are pivotal for reconstructing ancestral plant genomes and evolutionary pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for sequencing fern nuclear genomes.
  • To propose Azolla and Ceratopteris as ideal candidates for initial fern genome sequencing.
  • To outline the benefits of fern genome data for broader plant biology research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fern biological characteristics and diversity.
  • Identification of key research questions addressable by fern genome data.
  • Rationale for selecting Azolla and Ceratopteris based on contrasting traits.

Main Results:

  • Ferns are essential for understanding land plant genome evolution due to their unique phylogenetic position.
  • Azolla and Ceratopteris offer complementary diversity for comparative genomics.
  • Sequenced fern genomes will enable large-scale comparative analyses across plant lineages.

Conclusions:

  • The sequencing of fern nuclear genomes is a critical next step in plant genomics.
  • This endeavor will significantly advance our understanding of genome evolution in vascular plants.
  • Knowledge of fern genomes will provide foundational insights into the evolution of all land plants.