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Sphaleron rate in the minimal standard model.

Michela D'Onofrio1, Kari Rummukainen1, Anders Tranberg2

  • 1Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, PL 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.

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This study quantifies baryon number violation rates and critical temperatures in the Standard Model using lattice simulations. Results are crucial for understanding the early Universe and leptogenesis scenarios.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • High-Energy Physics

Background:

  • The Standard Model describes fundamental particles and forces.
  • Understanding the electroweak phase transition is key to early Universe cosmology.
  • Baryon number violation is essential for explaining matter-antimatter asymmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute the sphaleron rate, Higgs field expectation value, and critical temperature.
  • To analyze the Standard Model's behavior across the electroweak phase transition.
  • To determine the freeze-out temperature in the early Universe.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale lattice simulations were employed.
  • Calculations focused on baryon number violating processes (sphaleron rate).
  • Analysis covered the temperature range across the electroweak phase transition.

Main Results:

  • A sharp crossover, not a true phase transition, was found at T(c) = (159.5 ± 1.5) GeV.
  • The sphaleron rate was determined in both symmetric and broken phases.
  • The freeze-out temperature was calculated as T* = (131.7 ± 2.3) GeV.

Conclusions:

  • The computed values are intrinsic Standard Model properties.
  • Results have implications for low-scale leptogenesis scenarios.
  • This research provides crucial data for early Universe models.