Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

195
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
195
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

2.0K
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
2.0K
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

299
Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
299
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

145
Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
145
Genomics02:02

Genomics

35.1K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
35.1K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

5.8K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Linking chemical data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database with adverse outcome pathways from the AOP-Wiki: a mechanistic data-oriented approach to help inform environmental health.

F1000Research·2026
Same author

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Response to Influenza in Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus), a Potential Wild Reservoir.

Molecular ecology·2025
Same author

Integrating AI-powered text mining from PubTator into the manual curation workflow at the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.

Database : the journal of biological databases and curation·2025
Same author

Comparative Toxicogenomics Database's 20th anniversary: update 2025.

Nucleic acids research·2024
Same author

Conserved sequence features in intracellular domains of viral spike proteins.

Virology·2024
Same author

Transforming environmental health datasets from the comparative toxicogenomics database into chord diagrams to visualize molecular mechanisms.

Frontiers in toxicology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
07:40

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

3.3K

The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database's 10th year anniversary: update 2015.

Allan Peter Davis1, Cynthia J Grondin2, Kelley Lennon-Hopkins2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA apdavis3@ncsu.edu.

Nucleic Acids Research
|October 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) now links 24 million environmental exposures to genes and diseases. This resource aids research into environmentally influenced diseases.

More Related Videos

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.0K
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
07:40

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

3.3K
Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
16:02

Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

Published on: February 10, 2023

3.0K
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Toxicogenomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was established to integrate information on gene and protein responses to environmental toxicants.
  • Initial focus was on sequence comparisons and chemical annotations of toxicologically relevant genes.

Observation:

  • CTD has evolved to encompass curated chemical-gene, chemical-disease, and gene-disease interactions.
  • The database now contains 24 million toxicogenomic connections across various biological entities and pathways.

Findings:

  • Significant expansion in data content and curation scope over ten years.
  • Introduction of a 'Pathway View' tool, enhanced curation, and pilot chemical-phenotype results.
  • Development of an impending exposure dataset to further enrich toxicogenomic insights.

Implications:

  • CTD serves as a sophisticated resource for hypothesis generation and testing in environmental health research.
  • Facilitates understanding of the etiology of environmentally influenced diseases.
  • Supports comparative analysis of toxicological data across species.