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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing
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In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

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Specialized mouse embryonic stem cells for studying vascular development.

Drew E Glaser1, Andrew B Burns2, Rachel Hatano2

  • 1School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.

Stem Cells and Cloning : Advances and Applications
|October 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel dual reporter mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines to track vascular cell development. These mESC lines enable real-time visualization of endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiation from a common progenitor.

Keywords:
embryoid bodyendothelial cellssmooth muscle cellsvascular progenitor cellsvasculogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Understanding vascular progenitor cell lineage commitment is crucial for therapeutic strategies.
  • Distinguishing endothelial and smooth muscle cell origins from common progenitors remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and characterize novel dual reporter mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines for studying vascular development in vitro.
  • To facilitate real-time visualization and cell tracking of endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of mESC lines with green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the Tie-2 promoter (endothelial) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) under the alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) promoter (smooth muscle).
  • Characterization of mESC morphology, marker expression (Oct 3/4, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1), alkaline phosphatase activity, and pluripotency.
  • Assessment of differentiation potential and confirmation of coexpression of vascular markers (VE-cadherin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain) with reporter genes (GFP, RFP).

Main Results:

  • mESC lines exhibited characteristic morphology, pluripotency markers, and normal karyotypes.
  • Successful differentiation yielded Tie-2 GFP+ endothelial cells and α-SMA RFP+ smooth muscle cells.
  • GFP+ endothelial cells were observed within vascular-like structures surrounded by RFP+ smooth muscle cells during differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dual reporter mESC lines provide a powerful tool for in vitro studies of vascular development.
  • These lines allow for real-time, multi-dimensional visualization and tracking of endothelial and smooth muscle cell populations.
  • This technology will advance the understanding of lineage commitment from common vascular progenitors.