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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
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Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
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Published on: May 28, 2007

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Epigenomics and the microbiota.

Theresa Alenghat1

  • 1Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA theresa.alenghat@cchmc.org.

Toxicologic Pathology
|October 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota influences host health, and epigenomic pathways, like those involving histone deacetylases (HDACs), are key regulators. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for managing microbiota-associated diseases.

Keywords:
HDACbutyrate.epigenomicsmicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The mammalian gut hosts trillions of microorganisms forming the intestinal microbiota, crucial for homeostasis.
  • Alterations in gut microbiota composition are linked to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and cancer.
  • Epigenomic pathways are emerging as regulators of the host-microbiota relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenomic pathways in regulating the host-microbiota relationship.
  • To investigate the function of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in host-microbiota communication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on epigenomic modifications and their link to the gut microbiota.
  • Focus on histone deacetylases (HDACs) as key epigenomic regulators.
  • Analysis of how metabolites and environmental cues influence HDAC activity.

Main Results:

  • Epigenomic modifications, including those by HDACs, alter chromatin structure and gene transcription.
  • HDACs are influenced by both internal and external factors.
  • Host HDAC expression plays a significant role in mediating communication between the intestinal microbiota and host cells.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenomic mechanisms, particularly involving HDACs, are vital for maintaining host-microbiota homeostasis.
  • Further research into HDACs could reveal therapeutic targets for microbiota-associated diseases.
  • Understanding host-microbiota epigenomic interactions is essential for gut health.