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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

22
Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
22
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

2.0K
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
10.6K
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

19
Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through...
19
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
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Pneumothorax in sarcoidosis.

Katerina Manika1, Ioannis Kioumis1, Konstantinos Zarogoulidis1

  • 11 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 3 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 4 Obstetric-Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 5 Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; 6 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 7 Pulmonary Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|October 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pneumothorax is a rare complication of sarcoidosis, potentially caused by lung tissue changes. Thoracoscopic bullectomy is a treatment, but corticosteroid use for sarcoidosis recurrence prevention is debated.

Keywords:
Sarcoidosismedical thoracoscopypneumothorax

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a common, often underdiagnosed systemic inflammatory disease.
  • Pneumothorax is a rare but serious complication, typically seen in late-stage sarcoidosis.
  • The exact mechanism linking sarcoidosis to pneumothorax is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation and management of pneumothorax in sarcoidosis patients.
  • To discuss the proposed mechanisms of pneumothorax formation in sarcoidosis.
  • To evaluate treatment options and the controversial role of corticosteroids.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sarcoidosis and pneumothorax cases.
  • Analysis of proposed pathomechanisms including bronchial obstruction and lung tissue changes.
  • Discussion of therapeutic interventions like thoracoscopic bullectomy and corticosteroid therapy.

Main Results:

  • Pneumothorax in sarcoidosis is infrequent and associated with advanced disease.
  • Bullae formation secondary to bronchial obstruction is a likely cause.
  • Thoracoscopic bullectomy is the primary treatment for recurrent pneumothorax.
  • The protective effect of corticosteroids against recurrence is uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumothorax is a significant late-stage complication of sarcoidosis.
  • Management involves addressing bullae, with surgery as a key option.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of corticosteroids in preventing recurrence.