Analysis of urinary stone composition in Eastern India by X-ray diffraction crystallography

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Nephrology
• Mineralogy

Background:

• Urinary stones are a prevalent health issue in India.
• Geographical variations in urinary stone composition are observed.
• This study focuses on the eastern region of India.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the chemical composition of urinary stones in Eastern India.
• To identify the predominant stone types and their constituents.
• To compare findings with national and international data.

Main Methods:

• Prospective study conducted over 30 months.
• Analysis of 90 urinary stones using X-ray diffraction crystallography.
• Categorization of stones into renal, ureteric, and bladder stones.

Main Results:

• Oxalate-containing stones accounted for 85.7%, predominantly calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD).
• Struvite stones comprised 9.5% of the analyzed samples.
• Pure calcium phosphate stones were found in 4.7% of cases, with 6 renal stones not suitable for XRD analysis.

Conclusions:

• Urinary stone composition in Eastern India differs significantly from other parts of the country.
• A lower prevalence of oxalate stones was noted.
• A higher prevalence of phosphate and struvite stones was observed in this region.