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Updated: Apr 21, 2026
Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
Published on: February 7, 2022
Synthesis and kinetics of sterically altered photochromic dithizonatomercury complexes
Ernestine Alabaraoye1, Karel G von Eschwege, Nagarajan Loganathan
1Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State , P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
Abstract:
Following a previous study where 12 electronically altered dithizones were synthesized, here we report on attempts to synthesize 26 dithizones. The purpose was to explore the boundaries within which dithizones may be synthesized, explore spectral tuning possibilities, and investigate steric effects on the photochromic reaction of its mercury complexes. Contrary to expectation, large substituents like phenoxy groups increased the rate of the photochromic back-reaction. In the series H-, 2-CH3-, 4-CH3-, 3,4-(CH3)2-, 2-OC6H5-, and 4-OC6H5-dithizonatophenylmercury(II), the lowest rate of 0.0004 s(-1) was measured for the 2-CH3 complex, while the rate for the 2-OC6H5 derivative was 20 times higher. A solvent study revealed a direct relationship between dipole moment and the rate of the back-reaction, while the relationship between temperature and rate is exponential, with t1/2 = 2 min 8 s for the 4-phenoxy complex. The crystal structures of two dithizone precursors, 2-phenoxy- and 4-phenoxynitroformazan, are reported.
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