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Bronchiolitis obliterans caused by CMV in a previously healthy Asian infant

Shin Yun Byun1, Myo Jing Kim, Young Seok Lee

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. Jina1477@dau.ac.kr.

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
|October 25, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia can lead to bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in infants. This case report details the first instance of BO caused by CMV pneumonia in a healthy infant, highlighting a rare complication.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common congenital infection and a leading cause of infant brain damage and hearing loss.
  • While typically benign in immunocompetent infants, CMV can cause severe illness in preterm infants, including pneumonia.
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare, severe obstructive lung disease often linked to lower respiratory tract infections, particularly adenovirus in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first known case of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in a healthy infant secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia.
  • To raise awareness of this rare but serious complication of CMV infection in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 37-day-old male infant.
  • Diagnosis of CMV pneumonia.
  • Chest computed tomography (CT) scan to diagnose bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).

Main Results:

  • The infant was diagnosed with CMV pneumonia.
  • Chest CT revealed findings consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).
  • This represents the first documented case of BO caused by CMV pneumonia in a healthy infant.

Conclusions:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia can be a precursor to bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in infants.
  • This case underscores the potential for severe pulmonary complications from CMV infections, even in seemingly healthy infants.
  • Further research may be warranted to understand the mechanisms and incidence of BO following CMV pneumonia.

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