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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
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Characterizing the genetic influences on risk aversion.

Amal Harrati1

  • 1a Department of Demography , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California , USA.

Biodemography and Social Biology
|October 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated genetic factors influencing risk aversion in older adults. Genome-wide association studies found no significant single genetic markers, suggesting risk tolerance is a complex, polygenic trait.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Risk aversion significantly impacts financial and health decisions.
  • Individual differences in risk tolerance are partially understood but much remains unexplained.
  • Genetic factors are hypothesized to contribute to variations in risk aversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genetic underpinnings of heterogeneity in risk aversion among older Americans.
  • To identify specific genetic variants associated with risk preferences using genome-wide data.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing over 2 million genetic markers per individual.
  • Analysis conducted on a large sample of 10,455 older adults from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study.

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  • Statistical significance threshold set at a stringent level (5 × 10(-8)).

    • Main Results:

    • No single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) met the strict statistical significance threshold for determining risk preferences.
    • The study provides upper bounds for undetected genetic effects at the current sample size.
    • This indicates that genetic contributions to risk aversion are not driven by a few major variants.

    Conclusions:

    • Risk aversion is a highly polygenic trait, influenced by a large number of genetic variants.
    • Each genetic variant likely has a small effect size on an individual's risk tolerance.
    • Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to detect subtle genetic influences on risk aversion.