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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

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High-throughput synchrotron X-ray diffraction for combinatorial phase mapping.

J M Gregoire1, D G Van Campen2, C E Miller2

  • 1Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|October 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-throughput materials discovery is accelerated by a new synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence experiment. This method rapidly characterizes thousands of material samples daily, enabling faster identification of novel materials for advanced technologies.

Keywords:
X-ray diffractionX-ray fluorescencecombinatorial materials sciencehigh-throughput phase mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Technological advancements rely on discovering new materials with tailored functionalities.
  • Exploring complex, multi-elemental material compositions is crucial but challenging due to unknown phase behavior.
  • Current high-throughput methods lack efficient structural characterization, hindering rapid material discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence experiment for high-throughput structural characterization.
  • To enable rapid measurement of X-ray powder patterns and compositions for large material libraries.
  • To address the under-developed structural characterization bottleneck in high-throughput materials genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Development and implementation of a synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence experiment.
  • Simultaneous acquisition of X-ray powder diffraction patterns and elemental compositions.
  • High-throughput screening of over 5000 samples per day.
  • Tailoring scattering geometry for diverse material systems, including fiber-textured thin films.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated capability to measure over 5000 samples per day with high-quality data.
  • Successfully acquired powder patterns for a bismuth-vanadium-iron oxide composition library.
  • Provided a detailed analysis of scattering geometry for various material types.
  • Validated the facility's suitability for first-generation high-throughput material genomic searches.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synchrotron experiment significantly enhances the speed and efficiency of materials characterization.
  • This method facilitates the exploration of complex material spaces for accelerated discovery of novel materials.
  • The prototype facility meets the structural characterization demands for next-generation high-throughput materials genomics.