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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

40.7K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
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Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

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Cochlear trajectory in pediatric patients.

Neal M Jackson1, Victoria B Givens, Clelie C Carpenter

  • 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.

The Laryngoscope
|October 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric temporal bone anatomy varies significantly by age. These anatomical differences impact surgical approaches for cochlear implantation in young children, particularly regarding round window access and facial nerve safety.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantcochlear anatomyelectrode trajectory

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Imaging
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • Cochlear implantation in pediatric patients is increasing.
  • Surgeons observe potential anatomical variations in the pediatric temporal bone.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for surgical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pediatric temporal bone anatomy using high-resolution imaging.
  • To analyze age-related anatomical differences in children across four distinct age groups.
  • To correlate these findings with surgical implications for cochlear implantation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric patient charts and temporal bone CT scans.
  • Analysis of 1,426 temporal bones from 750 patients aged 8 days to 21 years.
  • Measurement and comparison of transmastoid and transcanal angles across age groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in the transmastoid angle were found between age groups 2 (1-4 years) and 3 (5-10 years), and between groups 2 and 4 (10-18 years).
  • Significant differences in the transcanal angle were observed between group 1 (<12 months) and groups 3 and 4, as well as between group 2 and group 4.
  • The transmastoid angle showed the most significant difference in children aged 1-4 years, while the transcanal angle varied most between infants and older children.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric temporal bone anatomy exhibits considerable age-related variation.
  • The transmastoid angle differences are most pronounced in 1-4 year olds.
  • Transcanal angle variability is greatest between infants and children over 4, impacting round window identification and facial nerve safety in pediatric cochlear implant surgery.