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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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How toxic is coal ash? A laboratory toxicity case study.

Rick M Sherrard1, Neil E Carriker, Mark S Greeley

  • 1Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
|October 29, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laboratory toxicity studies on coal ash provide valuable data for environmental regulations. Research on the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston ash spill offers new insights into coal ash toxicity.

Keywords:
Coal combustion residualsKingston ash spillToxicity testing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing a coal ash disposal rule by end of 2014.
  • Laboratory toxicity studies offer conservative toxicity estimates potentially useful for regulation.
  • Limited laboratory data exists; most studies rely on field investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present findings from a broad range of toxicity studies on coal ash.
  • To provide additional perspective on coal ash toxicity using data from the TVA Kingston ash spill.
  • To inform the EPA's coal ash disposal rule-making process.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a broad range of toxicity investigations.
  • Focused on studies related to the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston ash spill.
  • Included laboratory and potentially field-based assessments.

Main Results:

  • Toxicity studies yielded data on the effects of coal ash.
  • Results offer a different perspective compared to existing field-only studies.
  • Data contributes to understanding coal ash impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Laboratory toxicity data is crucial for environmental rule-making.
  • The TVA Kingston ash spill studies provide valuable insights into coal ash toxicity.
  • Further research combining lab and field data is beneficial.