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Related Experiment Video

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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Brain structural abnormalities in behavior therapy-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder revealed by voxel-based

Nobuhiko Hashimoto1, Shutaro Nakaaki2, Akiko Kawaguchi1

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Summary

Structural brain differences in gray and white matter may predict treatment resistance in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Non-responders to behavior therapy (BT) showed smaller volumes in key brain regions, suggesting potential biomarkers for treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
OCDorbitofrontal cortextreatment resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Behavior therapy (BT) is known to modify neural circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Structural brain abnormalities associated with BT-resistant OCD are not well understood.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for personalized treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate regional structural differences in gray and white matter in OCD patients.
  • To compare baseline brain structure between BT responders and non-responders.
  • To identify potential neuroanatomical predictors of BT treatment outcome in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze brain structure.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired at baseline before 12 weeks of BT.
  • Patients were categorized into responders (n=24) and non-responders (n=15) to BT.

Main Results:

  • Non-responders had significantly smaller gray matter volumes in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex, right precentral gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex compared to responders.
  • Non-responders also exhibited significantly smaller white matter volumes in the left cingulate bundle and left superior frontal white matter.
  • These findings highlight specific regional structural differences associated with BT resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Brain structures in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and cingulate bundles are implicated in BT non-response in OCD.
  • Voxel-based morphometry can reveal distinct brain abnormalities between BT responders and non-responders.
  • These structural differences may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting treatment outcomes in OCD patients.