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Related Concept Videos

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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Stress-Strain Diagram01:10

Stress-Strain Diagram

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A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets
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Graphene nanoribbons under mechanical strain.

Changxin Chen1, Justin Zachary Wu, Kai Tak Lam

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA; Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of the Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Strain engineering of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) impacts their Raman spectra and electrical properties. Uniaxial strain linearly shifts the G-band frequency and non-monotonically tunes the bandgap, showing promise for future electronics.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopybandgap modulationgraphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs)graphene nanoribbonsmechanical strain

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising materials for nanoelectronics due to their tunable electronic properties.
  • Understanding the influence of external stimuli like strain is crucial for GNR device applications.
  • Previous studies have explored strain effects, but precise control and characterization in individual GNRs are key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of uniaxial strain on the Raman spectroscopic and electrical properties of individual graphene nanoribbons (GNRs).
  • To analyze the relationship between applied strain and changes in GNR bandgap and G-band Raman frequency.
  • To assess the potential of strain engineering for tailoring GNR properties for electronics and photonics.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of controlled uniaxial strain into individual graphene nanoribbons with smooth edges.
  • Characterization of GNR properties using Raman spectroscopy.
  • Electrical property measurements to determine bandgap changes under strain.

Main Results:

  • A linear downshift in the Raman G-band frequency of GNRs was observed with increasing uniaxial strain.
  • The bandgap of GNRs was tuned significantly and in a non-monotonic manner by the applied uniaxial strain.
  • Demonstrated a clear correlation between strain, Raman spectra, and electrical properties.

Conclusions:

  • Uniaxial strain engineering is an effective method to modify the electronic and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons.
  • The observed linear and non-monotonic responses provide a basis for precise control over GNR bandgaps.
  • Strain-engineered GNRs hold significant potential for advanced electronics and photonics applications.