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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Generation of Functional Endodermal Hepatic Organoids

Generation of Functional Endodermal Hepatic Organoids

Published on: May 2, 2025

Endoderm generates endothelial cells during liver development.

Orit Goldman¹, Songyan Han¹, Wissam Hamou¹

¹Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Stem Cell Reports

|November 1, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial cells (ECs), crucial for organ development, can originate from both mesoderm and endoderm. This study reveals endoderm-derived progenitor cells generate functional ECs during liver development.

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Robust Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Populations

Robust Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cell Populations

Published on: October 26, 2011

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cell Biology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Organogenesis relies on the vascular plexus formation via angiogenesis.
Endothelial cells (ECs) are traditionally considered mesodermal derivatives.
The origin of ECs in endoderm-derived organs remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the origin of endothelial cells (ECs) during liver development.
To determine if endoderm-derived cells can contribute to the vascular network in developing organs.

Main Methods:

Utilized human and mouse embryonic stem cell models for hepatic differentiation.
Employed KDR (VEGFR2/FLK-1) and FOXA2 markers to identify progenitor cells.
Performed lineage tracing in Foxa2 lineage-tracing mouse embryos.

Main Results:

Identified a subset of FOXA2+ endoderm-derived progenitor cells expressing KDR that generate functional ECs.
Demonstrated that KDR+FOXA2+ endoderm cells in hepatic cultures produce ECs.
Confirmed FOXA2+ cell-derived CD31+ ECs integrate into the fetal liver vascular network in vivo.

Conclusions:

Endothelial cells (ECs) can originate from endoderm, not exclusively mesoderm.
Endoderm-derived progenitor cells contribute to vascularization in endoderm-derived organs like the liver.
This finding expands the understanding of cell lineage and vascular development.