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Relationship of suicide rates to economic variables in Europe: 2000-2011
Konstantinos N Fountoulakis1, Wolfram Kawohl1, Pavlos N Theodorakis1
1Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Wolfram Kawohl, MD, Center for Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Pavlos N. Theodorakis, MD, Mental Health Hospitals Trust of Attica 'Dafni & Dromokaiteio' and WHO National Counterpart for Mental Health, Athens, Greece; Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof, MD, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Alvydas Navickas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Psychiatric Clinic, Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Vilnius, Lithuania; Cyril Höschl, MD, Prague Psychiatric Center/NIMH, Czech Republic; Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, MD, Professor of Psychiatry, Belgrade University School of Medicine and Institute of Mental Health, WHO Collaborating Centre, Belgrade, Serbia; Eliot Sorel, MD, The George Washington University, School of Medicine & School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA; Elmars Rancans, MD, PhD, Chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Latvia; Eva Palova, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Slovakia; Georg Juckel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany; Goran Isacsson, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Helena Korosec Jagodic, Psychiatric Hospital Vojnik, Vojnik, Slovenia; Ileana Botezat-Antonescu, MD, Associate Professor, National Mental Health Center and Anti-drug, Bucharest, Romania; Ingeborg Warnke, PhD, Center for Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Janusz Rybakowski, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Je
Background:
It is unclear whether there is a direct link between economic crises and changes in suicide rates.
Aims:
The Lopez-Ibor Foundation launched an initiative to study the possible impact of the economic crisis on European suicide rates.
Method:
Data was gathered and analysed from 29 European countries and included the number of deaths by suicide in men and women, the unemployment rate, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the annual economic growth rate and inflation.
Results:
There was a strong correlation between suicide rates and all economic indices except GPD per capita in men but only a correlation with unemployment in women. However, the increase in suicide rates occurred several months before the economic crisis emerged.
Conclusions:
Overall, this study confirms a general relationship between the economic environment and suicide rates; however, it does not support there being a clear causal relationship between the current economic crisis and an increase in the suicide rate.
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