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Related Concept Videos

The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

7.1K
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

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Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

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Romancing mitosis and the mitotic apparatus.

William B R Brinkley1

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX 77030 brinkley@bcm.edu.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|November 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cell division, or mitosis, is fundamental to biology. Research continues to uncover the complex molecular and structural details of how cells divide, offering insights for future cell biology and medical advancements.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitosis, the process of cell division, has been studied for over a century.
  • Despite extensive research, many aspects of mitosis and cell division remain incompletely understood.
  • Recent technological advancements have opened new avenues for investigating cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To contribute to the understanding of mitosis and cell division.
  • To investigate the ultrastructure and molecular organization of mitosis.
  • To explore chromosome movement and cytoskeleton dynamics during cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized novel mammalian cell culture models.
  • Employed advanced electron microscopy techniques.

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  • Applied fluorescence microscopy for detailed cellular analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed the ultrastructure of mitosis.
    • Elucidated the molecular organization of mitotic processes.
    • Characterized chromosome movement and cytoskeleton assembly/function.

    Conclusions:

    • The study of mitosis has benefited significantly from technological innovations.
    • Further research is crucial for advancing cell biology and medicine.
    • Mitosis and cell division present ongoing challenges and opportunities for scientific discovery.