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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Efficient and Consistent Generation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Choroid Flatmounts from Human Eyes for Histological Analysis

Efficient and Consistent Generation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Choroid Flatmounts from Human Eyes for Histological Analysis

Published on: October 28, 2022

Idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

Shao-Chong Bu¹, Roel Kuijer, Xiao-Rong Li

¹*Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; †W. J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; ‡Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and §Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)

|November 1, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) involves fibrotic changes at the retina. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could lead to new, non-surgical treatments for this sight-threatening condition.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Diseases
Fibrotic Remodeling

Background:

Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is a fibrocellular growth on the retina's inner surface.
Contraction of this membrane causes vision loss due to fibrotic remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis of iERM.
To explore the role of fibrotic tissue contraction in iERM.

Main Methods:

Literature analysis on iERM epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenesis.
Review of studies on fibrotic tissue contraction.

Main Results:

iERM prevalence increases with age and posterior vitreous detachment.
Pathogenesis involves myofibroblast formation, collagen deposition, and potentially advanced glycation end products.
Clinical stages show increasing membrane thickness and wrinkling.

Conclusions:

Extracellular matrix remodeling at the vitreoretinal interface, driven by aging and fibrosis, is key to iERM.
Further understanding of molecular pathways may enable non-surgical treatments for vitreoretinal fibrotic diseases.