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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

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High-sensitivity ring-down evanescent-wave sensing in fiber resonators.

S Avino, C Richmond, A Giorgini

    Optics Letters
    |November 1, 2014
    PubMed
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    We developed a highly sensitive liquid-phase optical-fiber cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) sensor. This new sensor achieves a record low detection limit for evanescent-wave sensing, enabling precise polyamine detection in water.

    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Optical Spectroscopy
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) offers high sensitivity for detecting analytes.
    • Evanescent-wave sensors utilize light-matter interactions at the fiber surface.
    • Liquid-phase sensing presents challenges due to absorption and scattering.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate liquid-phase CRDS using an optical-fiber sensor.
    • To achieve ultra-low detection limits for liquid analytes.
    • To validate the sensor's performance for polyamine detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a fiber-ring cavity with an evanescent-wave coupler for radiation-matter interaction.
    • Employed a laser emitting at telecommunication wavelengths.

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  • Frequency-locked the cavity resonance modes to the laser for stable measurements.
  • Implemented CRDS principles for high-sensitivity absorption measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved liquid absorption detection close to the shot noise limit (nearly 20 times above).
    • Demonstrated a minimum detectable absorbance of 1.8×10⁻⁷ Hz⁻¹/² for polyamines.
    • Reported the best sensitivity limit to date for evanescent-wave sensors.

    Conclusions:

    • Optical-fiber CRDS is a viable technique for sensitive liquid-phase sensing.
    • The developed sensor offers unprecedented sensitivity for evanescent-wave detection.
    • This technology has potential applications in chemical analysis and environmental monitoring.