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Related Concept Videos

Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Propagation of Waves01:07

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
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Plane Electromagnetic Waves II01:29

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Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Related Experiment Video

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Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
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Optical mode structure of the air waveguide.

N Jhajj, J K Wahlstrand, H M Milchberg

    Optics Letters
    |November 1, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study analyzes light propagation in long-lived optical waveguides created by femtosecond filaments. Researchers investigated mode structure, losses, and coupling efficiency, finding key dependencies on wavelength and time delay.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Waveguide Technology

    Background:

    • Femtosecond laser filaments can generate plasma channels in air, acting as optical waveguides.
    • Understanding light propagation in these long-lived waveguides is crucial for applications in laser physics and atmospheric optics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the propagation characteristics of light within long-lived optical waveguides.
    • To investigate the influence of wavelength and time delay on waveguide performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical modeling of light propagation.
    • Numerical simulations of waveguide behavior.
    • Experimental characterization of femtosecond filament arrays.

    Main Results:

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    • Detailed analysis of the mode structure within the waveguides.
    • Quantification of leakage losses as a function of wavelength and time delay.
    • Evaluation of coupling efficiency between the generated waveguide modes and incident light.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of light propagation in femtosecond filament-generated waveguides.
    • Results highlight the critical role of wavelength and time delay in optimizing waveguide performance and minimizing losses.