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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

An Engineered Split-TET2 Enzyme for Chemical-inducible DNA Hydroxymethylation and Epigenetic Remodeling
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Epigenetics, microRNA, and addiction.

Paul J Kenny1

  • 1Laboratory of Behavioral & Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|November 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of neuroplasticity in addiction. This review explores how these molecules control drug-seeking behaviors and brain circuit remodeling, offering insights into addiction mechanisms.

Keywords:
BDNFMeCP2addictionamphetaminecocainemiR-212nicotineopiate

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Drug addiction involves uncontrolled consumption and relapse.
  • It is considered a disorder of experience-dependent neuroplasticity.
  • Gene expression alterations are central to addiction-related neuroplasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in neuronal function.
  • To summarize miRNA involvement in the motivational properties of addictive drugs.
  • To consider the mechanisms by which miRNAs affect drug intake.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on miRNAs and addiction.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA regulation of neuroplasticity.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA control of drug-seeking behavior.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA 3' UTRs.
  • Emerging evidence implicates miRNAs in addiction-related neuroplasticity.
  • miRNAs influence the motivational aspects of drugs like cocaine.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a significant role in regulating neuronal function and addiction.
  • Understanding miRNA mechanisms is crucial for addressing drug addiction.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific miRNA actions in drug intake.