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Implicit associations have a circadian rhythm.

Jonathan R Zadra1, Dennis R Proffitt2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.

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People's ability to control automatic social biases fluctuates daily, following a circadian rhythm. This suggests biological processes influence our capacity to inhibit unwanted implicit associations and biases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures individual differences in implicit cognition.
  • IAT studies reveal prevalent implicit social biases that often contradict explicit beliefs.
  • IAT performance involves inhibitory processes, similar to self-control, which are known to be resource-limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether Implicit Association Test (IAT) scores are dependent on physiological resources.
  • To determine if the ability to inhibit implicit associations varies in a circadian pattern.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of IAT performance data from over one million participants.
  • Data collected across all times of day to identify temporal patterns.

Main Results:

  • A distinct circadian pattern was observed in IAT scores.
  • This rhythmic variation indicates a daily fluctuation in the ability to inhibit implicit associations.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that circadian rhythms influence the inhibition of implicit associations.
  • IAT scores reflect not only the strength of implicit associations but also daily variations in the physiological resources available for behavioral control.