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The female athlete triad.

Elizabeth Horn1, Nicole Gergen2, Kelly A McGarry3

  • 1Housestaff Officer, Internal Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013)
|November 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The female athlete triad, a health concern for athletes, involves low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone density. Early detection and screening for all three components are crucial for preventing severe health consequences.

Keywords:
altered bone densitydisordered eatingfemale athlete triadmenstrual dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • The female athlete triad is a serious health issue for female athletes.
  • It encompasses low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density.
  • These conditions negatively impact athletic performance and long-term health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the female athlete triad.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and screening for all components of the triad.
  • To highlight the role of practitioners in identifying at-risk athletes.

Main Methods:

  • This article reviews existing literature on the female athlete triad.
  • It synthesizes information on the spectrum of related pathophysiologic consequences.
  • The discussion includes diagnostic criteria and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • The female athlete triad is a spectrum of interrelated conditions.
  • Components are detrimental to athletic performance and can cause lasting health problems.
  • Early detection is key to preventing severe outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Female athletes with one component of the triad should be screened for the others.
  • Heightened vigilance by healthcare providers is essential for early identification.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management can mitigate severe health consequences.