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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
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Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

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Statin-associated Autoimmune Myopathies: A Pathophysiologic Spectrum.

Yufan Wu1, Boleslaw Lach2, John P Provias2

  • 11Stanford University School of Medicine,Stanford,California 94305,USA.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Statins can cause rare autoimmune myopathies that persist after stopping the drug. Immunosuppression effectively treats these conditions, suggesting statin-associated necrotizing myopathy and polymyositis may be part of the same disease spectrum.

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Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Statins are linked to rare autoimmune myopathies, presenting during or after treatment.
  • These myopathies can persist even after statin cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and treatment response of statin-associated myopathies.
  • To explore the potential relationship between statin-associated necrotizing myopathy and polymyositis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 26 patients with statin-associated myopathy.
  • Assessment of clinical and biochemical outcomes following immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Review of serial muscle biopsies in a subset of patients.

Main Results:

  • All patients showed biochemical improvement with immunosuppressive therapy; 86% had clinical improvement.
  • Relapse occurred in 65% of patients attempting to taper immunosuppression.
  • Four of seven patients with serial biopsies showed histological progression from necrotizing myopathy to polymyositis.

Conclusions:

  • Statin-associated necrotizing myopathy and polymyositis may represent a single pathophysiological spectrum.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy is an effective treatment for both conditions.