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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
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Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: August 8, 2025

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Transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Ahmed Oliemy1, Nawwar Al-Attar1

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital Agamemnon Street, Clydebank, G81 4DY, Glasgow UK.

F1000Prime Reports
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) offers an alternative for severe aortic stenosis patients. Ongoing advancements improve TAVI viability for structural heart disease, though stroke and durability remain concerns.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis necessitates treatment, with conventional aortic valve replacement being the standard for eligible patients.
  • Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) emerged as a less invasive therapeutic option for patients unsuitable for traditional surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status and ongoing concerns associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
  • To highlight the technical, material, and patient selection advancements driving TAVI's increased viability in structural heart disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical data on transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
  • Analysis of technical innovations and material science progress in TAVI devices.

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  • Evaluation of patient selection criteria and outcomes in TAVI procedures.

    • Main Results:

    • TAVI has become a feasible treatment for a growing number of patients with structural heart disease.
    • Key areas for improvement in TAVI outcomes include reducing stroke incidence, vascular injury, and heart block.
    • Concerns regarding paravalvular regurgitation and long-term valve durability persist.

    Conclusions:

    • Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an evolving treatment modality for severe aortic stenosis.
    • Continued progress in device technology and patient selection is expanding TAVI's role.
    • Addressing complications like stroke and ensuring valve durability are critical for future TAVI success.