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Maximum work extraction and implementation costs for nonequilibrium Maxwell's demons.

Henrik Sandberg1, Jean-Charles Delvenne2, Nigel J Newton3

  • 1Department of Automatic Control, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies maximum extractable work from a system using continuous measurements and feedback. A demon requires an external power source, proven by thermodynamics and memory erasure principles.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Measurement
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Maxwell's demon thought experiment explores the relationship between information and thermodynamics.
  • Understanding work extraction in finite time under realistic conditions is crucial for developing efficient energy systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the maximum work extractable in finite time from a quadratic Hamiltonian system using continuous measurements.
  • To analyze the role of information extraction in work extraction processes.
  • To investigate the thermodynamic cost and requirements for such a system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a high-gain continuous feedback loop based on Kalman-Bucy state estimation.
  • Analyzing energy, entropy, and information flow within the demon.
  • Applying classical thermodynamics and Landauer's memory erasure principle to nonequilibrium systems.

Main Results:

  • The maximum work demon operates in a nonequilibrium state.
  • Analytic expressions for energy, entropy, and information flows were derived for an electrical implementation.
  • It was demonstrated that an external power source is a necessary component for any demon implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Finite-time work extraction is fundamentally linked to information gained through continuous measurement.
  • The operation of such a demon necessitates an external power source, highlighting thermodynamic costs.
  • This research provides a concrete framework for understanding information-driven thermodynamics in realistic systems.