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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...

Electromagnetic Fields

Electromagnetic Fields

Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
However, the observation of...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Induced Electric Fields

Induced Electric Fields

The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...

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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

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Relativistic Néel-order fields induced by electrical current in antiferromagnets.

J Železný¹, H Gao², K Výborný³

¹Institute of Physics ASCR, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic.

Physical Review Letters

|November 7, 2014

Summary

We predict that lateral electrical currents can control antiferromagnets, inducing ultrafast spin reorientation. This discovery paves the way for novel antiferromagnetic memory devices with electrical writing and reading capabilities.

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Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science
Spintronics

Background:

Antiferromagnets offer potential for advanced electronic devices due to their fast dynamics and robustness.
Controlling antiferromagnetic order with electrical currents is a key challenge in spintronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To predict and theoretically investigate the induction of nonequilibrium Néel-order fields by lateral electrical currents in antiferromagnets.
To explore the potential of these fields for ultrafast spin-axis reorientation and device applications.

Main Methods:

Microscopic transport theory calculations.
Analysis of staggered current-induced fields in antiferromagnetic systems.
Modeling of bulk Mn(2)Au and a 2D square-lattice antiferromagnet with Rashba spin-orbit coupling.

Main Results:

Lateral electrical currents can induce nonequilibrium Néel-order fields in antiferromagnets.
These fields are analogous to intraband and intrinsic interband spin-orbit fields found in ferromagnets.
Demonstrated potential for ultrafast spin-axis reorientation.

Conclusions:

Current-induced Néel-order fields offer a novel mechanism for manipulating antiferromagnetic order.
The findings support the development of antiferromagnetic memory devices with electrical writing and reading.