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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
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Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

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T3DB: the toxic exposome database.

David Wishart1, David Arndt2, Allison Pon2

  • 1Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada david.wishart@ualberta.ca.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Toxin-Toxin-Target Database (T3DB) has been updated to include more toxic compounds, targets, and gene expression data. This resource aids researchers in understanding the toxic exposome and its impact on human health.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The exposome encompasses all environmental exposures influencing health.
  • The toxic exposome specifically details harmful compounds encountered throughout life.
  • Understanding toxic exposures is crucial as they contribute to numerous human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the latest version of the Toxin-Toxin-Target Database (T3DB).
  • To highlight upgrades enhancing its utility for exposome research.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for toxicological and epidemiological studies.

Main Methods:

  • The T3DB was expanded to include over 3600 compounds and 2000 targets.
  • New datasets include over 15,000 gene expression profiles.
  • The database now incorporates human biofluid concentrations and spectral data.

Main Results:

  • The updated T3DB offers a significantly larger and more detailed collection of toxicological information.
  • Enhanced data includes chemical properties, targets, effects, and mechanisms of action.
  • New spectral data (NMR, MS/MS, GC-MS) aids in compound identification.

Conclusions:

  • The upgraded T3DB is a valuable, expanded resource for the scientific community.
  • It supports research into the toxic exposome and its health implications.
  • The database facilitates a deeper understanding of environmental factors in disease etiology.